Graphene-based nanomaterials are revolutionizing water treatment technologies due to their exceptional properties. Graphene, a single-atom-thick carbon sheet, offers high surface area, mechanical strength, and chemical stability, making it ideal for applications like adsorption, filtration, and photodegradation. These materials are effective in removing pollutants, including heavy metals, organic contaminants, and pathogens, achieving up to 99% efficiency in some cases. Graphene nanocomposite membranes, for instance, combine graphene with other materials like carbon nanotubes or metal oxides to enhance photocatalysis and filtration processes. They are lightweight, antibacterial, and capable of working under natural…